Amathuluzi omshini wokulawula izinombolo zekhompiyutha (CNC) angamathuluzi ezishintshayo ahlelwe ngekhompuyutha asetshenziswa kwinqubo yokukhiqiza ukulawula nokulawula ukunyakaza nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini.Izinkampani eziningi ezikhiqizayo, ezihlanganisa izinkampani zezimoto, i-aerospace kanye nesipiliyoni, zisebenzisa le mishini ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo nezinqubo zazo.
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi imishini ye-CNC inikeza ukunemba nokunemba ngokukhiqiza izingxenye zokuvala ukubekezelelana ngenkathi igcina ukufana nekhwalithi.Ukuzisebenzisa akunzima kangako uma uqonda ukuthi zisebenza kanjani.
Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa izinto eziyisisekelo ze-CNC machining, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo, izingxenye, ukucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo, kanye nezicelo.Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Esikhathini esedlule, ukukhiqiza nokwenza imishini kwakwenziwa ngesandla, okuholela enqubweni ehamba kancane nengasebenzi kahle.Namuhla, ngosizo lwemishini ye-CNC, ukusebenza kuyazenzakalela, okwandisa ukukhiqiza, ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.Lokhu okuzenzakalelayo kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule noma iyiphi inqubo engahlelwa kukhompuyutha.Imishini ye-CNC ingakwazi ukucubungula izinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ithusi, insimbi, inayiloni, i-aluminium ne-ABS.
Inqubo iqala ngokwakha imodeli ye-computer-aid design (CAD) nokusebenzisa isofthiwe yokukhiqiza esekelwe ngekhompiyutha ukuyiguqula ibe uchungechunge lwemiyalelo.Le miyalo ilawula ukunyakaza komshini, idinga imininingwane enembile kanye nesilinganiso.
Ngemva kokubeka i-workpiece etafuleni lomshini nokubeka ithuluzi ku-spindle, uhlelo luyenziwa.Umshini we-CNC ube usufunda imiyalelo evela kuphaneli yokulawula bese wenza imisebenzi yokusika ngokufanele.
Ziqukethe izingxenye ezibalulekile ezinjengama-spindles, amamotho, amatafula namaphaneli okulawula angakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwawo.Ingxenye ngayinye yenza inhloso ehlukile.Isibonelo, amatafula ahlinzeka indawo ezinzile yezingxenye zokusebenza ngesikhathi sokusika.Lapho ukugaya, i-router isebenza njengethuluzi lokusika.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini ye-CNC, ngayinye inemisebenzi ethile futhi isetshenziselwe izinjongo ezihlukene.Lezi zinhlobo ziwela ezigabeni ezimbili eziyinhloko:
Iwuhlobo lomshini wokugaya noma umzila odinga izimbazo ezintathu X, Y kanye no-Z ukuze zisebenze.I-axis ye-X ihambisana nokunyakaza okuvundlile kwethuluzi lokusika ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla.I-eksisi ye-Y ihamba iye phezulu, phansi, noma emuva naphambili.I-Z-axis, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imele ukunyakaza kwe-axial noma ukujula kwethuluzi lokusika, elilawula ukunyakaza okukhuphuka nokuphansi komshini.
Kuhilela ukubamba i-workpiece ku-vise ebambe i-workpiece inganyakazi ngenkathi ithuluzi lokusika lizungeza ngesivinini esikhulu, lisusa izinto ezingaphezu kwamandla futhi lidale umklamo oyifunayo.Le mishini ilula kakhulu ekwakhiweni kobunjwa bejometri.
Ngokungafani nokugaya kwe-CNC, lapho ithuluzi lokusika lizungeza ukuze lisuse izinto ezisele, ku-CNC lathe, ithuluzi lihlala limile ngenkathi ucezu lokusebenza luzungeza ku-spindle.Lokhu kuyisinqumo sakho esingcono kakhulu uma ufuna ukukhiqiza iziqukathi eziyi-cylindrical noma izinto zokubekezelela eziqinile.
I-Multi-axis noma i-5-axis CNC machining empeleni i-CNC milling futhi iphenduka ngamadigri engeziwe enkululeko.Banezimbazo ezingaphezu kwezintathu zokuguquguquka kanye nekhono elikhulayo lokukhiqiza amakhonco ayinkimbinkimbi namajiyometri.
Kwaziwa nangokuthi i-3+2 CNC milling, lapho ucezu lokusebenza luzungezisa izimbazo ezingeziwe zika-A no-B endaweni egxilile.Ngokwemodeli ye-CAD, ithuluzi lizungeza izimbazo ezintathu futhi lisike endaweni yokusebenza.
I-Continuous 5-Axis Milling isebenza ngokufanayo ne-Indexed 5-Axis Milling.Kodwa-ke, ukugaya inkomba kuyahluka kusukela ekugayweni kwe-axis engu-5 okuqhubekayo ngokuthi ucezu lokusebenza luzungeza izimbazo zika-A no-B, nakuba ukusebenza kuhluke ekugayweni kwe-axis engu-5 okunenkomba ngokuthi ucezu lokusebenza luhlala lumile.
Kuyinhlanganisela yezinsimbi ze-CNC nemishini yokugaya.I-workpiece ihamba eduze kwe-eksisi yokuzungezisa ngesikhathi sokuphenduka futhi ihlala imile kuma-engeli athile ngesikhathi sokugaya.Zisebenza kahle kakhulu, ziyavumelana nezimo futhi ziyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu uma kwenziwa izingxenye ezidinga imisebenzi eminingi yokukhanda.
Lezi yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemishini ye-CNC etholakala ezinkampanini eziningi zokukhiqiza namuhla.Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izindlela zokwenza imishini ezifana nokubhola kwe-CNC, i-EDM kanye nokugaya igiya ezisetshenziselwa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Ukukhetha umshini we-CNC ongcono kakhulu womsebenzi wakho wokukhiqiza kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezimbalwa, hhayi nje uhlobo lomsebenzi ofisa ukuwenza.
Ngakho-ke ungakhetha umshini we-CNC ongafanelani nezidingo zakho zokukhiqiza kuphela, kodwa futhi ofanela isabelomali sakho kanye nemikhawulo yesayithi.
Imishini ye-CNC ithatha imisebenzi yokukhiqiza iye ezingeni elilandelayo.Inezinzuzo eziningi ezihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ukunemba nokunemba njengoba izenzela futhi yenza izinhlelo zokusebenza zibe lula.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uqalise ngomshini we-CNC, kufanele uqale uqonde izisekelo zemishini ye-CNC, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezitholakalayo nezinhlobo.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola umshini ongcono kakhulu wohlelo lwakho lokusebenza nokusebenza kokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-24-2023
